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Leaf Chewing Caterpillars

Lepidoptera Order – Moths and Butterflies

Leaf chewing caterpillars belong to the insect Order Lepidoptera.  Caterpillars are the larval stage of moths and are among the most serious defoliators of trees. One example is the eastern tent caterpillar Malacosoma americanum, responsible for defoliating cherries, apples, and other ornamental shade, and forest trees.  Other Lepidopterous pests include the gypsy moth, winter moth, spring and fall cankerworm, bagworm, clear wing borers, pine tip moth and tussock moth.

PHOTOS:

A: Leaf chewing by Lymantria dispar (Gypsy Moth)
(eastern tent caterpillars)
B: Eastern tent caterpillars.

Photos from this website:

D.W. French, B.F. Billings, and the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources

WHAT TO DO:
WHEN TO DO IT:
WHAT WILL HAPPEN:

Arborjet recommends a well timed trunk Micro-infusionTM using ACE-jet with the Tree I.V. device with the Arborplug Technology when caterpillars are present.  ACE-jet is compatible with the micro-elements MIN-jet IRON, MIN-jet Calcium and PALM-jet for a 2 in 1 application.  The botanical insecticide Ornazin 3% EC may also be used when mixed with CITRA-jet.  Ornazin 3% EC is manufactured by SePRO. The active ingredient in Ornazin 3% EC is azadirachtin, derived from the neem tree.  Azadirachtin is an insect growth regulator (IGR) that prevents the development to the adult (moth) insect.  Azadirachtin also acts to deter feeding.  Other injection devices to select for this application include the Hydraulic, and ProCaps.  All these injection devices enable the arborist or tree custodian to rapidly inject a precise dose of medicament directly into the xylem tissue, assuring a quick plant response. Click here to match injection method with tree species. 

Generally, the best seasons for Micro-infusionTM are fall and spring. Uptake occurs when trees are transpiring. The environmental conditions that favor uptake are moderate temperatures, adequate soil moisture, and high humidity.  Soil temperature should be above 40 degrees for micro-infusion™.  Tree health will influence uptake time.  Generally, hot weather or dry soil conditions will result in a reduced rate of uptake.  If treating trees in the summer, micro-infuse in the morning for the quickest uptake. A dying tree is a poor candidate for treatment.  It is the responsibility of the arborist or tree custodian to assess tree health and its potential for recovery before undertaking treatment. 

 

Use ACE-jet in the spring, when caterpillars or damage first appears.  Timing is critical as ACE-jet will only remain active in the tree for approximately 2-4 weeks.  Alternatively use Ornazin 3% EC when damage first appears.

ACE-jet Micro-infusion™ in the spring will uptake very quickly and caterpillars will die rapidly. Monitor trees annually to determine the need for a repeat treatment with ACE-jet or Ornazin 3% EC.

PHOTOS:

Left: Healthy Black Cherry Sapling: http://www.dnr.state.oh.us/forestry/Education/ohiotrees/cherry.htm

Right:  Healthy Hawthorn in fall colors: http://www.oregonscenics.com/fl-hawthorne-tree.jpg